Chewing and Sound Localization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chewing and Sound Localization - Research Paper Example Sound localization is the ability of a listener to identify the source or origin of a sound, in this paper we focus on the factors affecting sound localization, this study is performed to establishing whether chewing has an effect on sound localization. Chewing leads to head movements that may affect sound localization, according to previous studies undertaken head movements affect sound localization. This paper analysis response from ten participants whose sound localization errors were recorded while and while not chewing, data collected helped test the hypothesis whether chewing affected localization. The following is an analysis of research undertaken by scholars in the past and the results of the study. Many studies have been undertaken in the past regarding sound localization, however majority of this studies have been undertaken with immobilized heads and very few have been undertaken while respondents were chewing. A study by Wallach (1939) showed that head movements affected sound localization, in his study participants were allowed to rotate their head, tip their head and even pivoting. Results show that head movements affected sound localization by participants. However it was also evident that the sound moved with the head. Mangles and Runge (1967) sound localization study results showed that Monaural is as good as binaural when movements were allowed, participants were a... Hypothesis and prediction The hypothesis that was tested is whether chewing have any effect on ability to detect the direction of sound, the null hypothesis is that chewing has no effect on sound localization and the alternative hypothesis is that chewing increased the mean error score for localization. We test this hypothesis by performing a T test that will compare the two means from the two tests, we expect that we will reject the null hypothesis that the two means are equal and accept the alternative hypothesis that states that the two means are not equal. Null hypothesis: a = b where a is the mean error score for localization for test one and two are equal and alternative hypothesis a b or a Methods: In order to test our hypothesis a sample of ten individuals was randomly selected. The sample was further subdivided into two groups which included those would first chew and data collected and then data recorded with the absence of chewing. For the other group data was to be collected without chewing and then data would be collected while chewing. The experiment was carried out using MAT LB computer software, participants sat in front of a computer and given headphones, they were then asked to locate the source of sound 180 degrees in front. The condition was that the participants would chew and then stop chewing and then they were allowed five minutes where they would continue with the second condition which is no chewing and then chew. For each of these two conditions

Liberal Capitalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberal Capitalism - Assignment Example According to Kovel (pp. 45) the shift in business governs, the trend shifted from the usual state capitalism to liberal capitalism. State capitalism refers to when the market and business environments are dominated by the government. It is also characterised by government business emerging in the market and influencing the market structure. In another scenario, state capitalism is whereby the private owned businesses are having their operations fully controlled by the government (Feenberg, pp.98). Some of the operations controlled by the government include credit allocation and investment ventures. Generally state capitalism can be described as a system where the state influences the economic environment to serve its own interest. On the other hand liberal capitalism refers to the market freedom of citizens. This is where individuals in the market environment are given the freedom to make their own decisions, make their own mistakes and chose their own investors. According to Steele (pp, 134) liberalism tends to oppose any government interference in the corporate environment. It advocates for economic liberty to choices and decisions. However, in some scenarios governments give funds to private business people but it does not give them the liberty to control the business persons. In this paper I will focus on proving that liberal capitalism is better than state capitalism. It will also focus on the advantages liberal capitalism has over state capitalism. Liberal capitalism is usually referred to a system which enables creation of wealth. In this case, wealth refers to private property with sole decisions making regarding the wealth. Prior to the establishment of liberal capitalism, many people in the economic environment used to make wealth, but in this case the government was the beneficiary. The government enjoyed and exploited the effort invested in the economic front. All individuals with companies were heavily taxed and had decisions made by the government . The government chose their investors and who to transact business with. This hindered most people from being successful (Kovel, pp.76). Their wealth was a crumb of the cake the government was getting. However, this tendency has taken a major shift. In the modern business environment, entrepreneurs are given the liberty to make wealth and to control their wealth in the corporate environment. The only government interference is based on the taxation basis. This has enabled private owned companies to rise to the limits of the state owned companies. For example, Electronics giant Hauwei has evidence of the growth in private owned companies. Private owned companies have been able to reach the standards of state owned organisation, a trend that has been promoted by liberal capitalism (Feenberg, pp.19). Liberal capitalism stops the government interference and manipulation in the business ventures. For instance, in Bulgaria a business person had to acquire seventeen business permits so th at he could start a business. Bulgarian prime minister was shocked by the events and ordered simplified mode of acquiring business permits (Kovel, pp.213). After the simplified business permit procedure was implemented, many investors and entrepreneurs ventured into the Bulgarian market. This not only promotes local entrepreneurship but also gives back to the growth of economy. In modern day business environm